Gonorrhea (the clap) – symptoms, protection & treatment

Gonorrhea, also known as the clap, is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) worldwide. It is caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonococcus) and affects both men and women. Left untreated, a gonococcal infection can have serious health consequences – from chronic inflammation to infertility.

The danger is that many infected people do not notice their gonorrhea infection, especially women, who often show mild or no symptoms. As a result, the disease continues to spread unnoticed. Another problem is increasing antibiotic resistance, which makes treating gonorrhea more difficult.

The best protection is condoms and regular STI testing, because early detection of gonorrhea can prevent serious consequences. More information on sexually transmitted infections and protective measures can be found in our detailed overview.

Gonorrhea transmission routes: How do you get infected?

Gonorrhea is transmitted through unprotected sexual intercourse – it doesn't matter whether it's vaginal, anal, or oral sex. Since gonococci settle in the mucous membranes, the infection is not limited to the genitals, but can also occur in the throat, rectum, or even the eyes. What makes it particularly treacherous is that many infections are asymptomatic, meaning those affected often do not even know that they can infect others.

How do you get gonorrhea?

The most common cause of gonococcal infection is direct mucous membrane contact with an infected person. The bacteria are transmitted via bodily fluids, but can also be passed on indirectly through contaminated objects.

• Unprotected vaginal, anal, or oral sex – the main risk for infection
• Use of infected sex toys without protection – can transmit pathogens if condoms or hygiene measures are not used
• Transmission from mother to child during birth – can lead to severe eye infections in newborns

Gonorrhea in the throat, rectum, and eyes

Many people only think of the genitals when they think of gonorrhea, but the infection can affect many more areas of the body. Gonorrhea in the mouth (pharyngeal gonorrhea) often goes unnoticed, as it usually causes mild symptoms such as a sore throator no syptoms at all. Nevertheless, the infection can be passed on – for example, through unprotected oral sex.

Other possible sites of infection:

• Rectum: Gonorrhea can enter the rectum through anal intercourse or smear infections. Symptoms often include itching, pain, or pus-like discharge.
• Eyes: If gonococci come into contact with the eyes (e.g., through contaminated hands), purulent eye infections can occur. Newborns are particularly at risk if they become infected during birth.

Since gonorrhea can also occur outside the genital area, comprehensive protection is crucial — including condoms, such as Wingman condoms, and regular STI testing!

Gonorrhea symptoms: How can you recognize an infection?

Gonorrhea can manifest itself in different ways – or be completely asymptomatic. Women in particular often have no or nonspecific symptoms, which means the infection goes unnoticed and spreads. In men, too, the symptoms can be mild or only appear after a few days.

The first signs usually appear 2 to 10 days after infection. Since gonococci can settle in different parts of the body, the symptoms vary depending on the site of infection.

Gonorrhea symptoms in women

In women, gonococcal infection often goes undetected because it either causes no symptoms or is confused with a bladder infection or yeast infection.

• Unusual, pus-like, or increased discharge – often yellowish or greenish
• Burning sensation when urinating – may feel like a urinary tract infection
• Abdominal pain or intermenstrual bleeding – especially outside of the menstrual period
• Pain during sexual intercourse – possible sign of inflammation in the genital area
• Fallopian tube inflammation (adnexitis) – can lead to infertility if left untreated

Particularly dangerous: if gonorrhea spreads to the uterus and fallopian tubes, it can cause adhesions and scar tissue, leading to ectopic pregnancies or infertility.

Gonorrhea symptoms in men

In men, the symptoms are usually more pronounced, but do not always appear immediately. In many cases, the infection begins with discomfort when urinating and purulent discharge.

• Pus-like, yellowish to greenish discharge from the urethra – often most severe in the morning
• Burning or pain when urinating – often confused with a urinary tract infection
• Swelling or redness of the urethral opening
• Testicular inflammation (epididymitis) – can cause infertility if left untreated

In men, untreated gonorrhea can cause the infection to spread to the prostate or epididymis, which can lead to long-term pain and fertility problems.

Gonorrhea in the throat, the rectum, and the eyes

Gonorrhea can spread beyond the genital area – the throat, rectum, and eyes can also be affected, especially through oral sex or smear infections.

• Gonorrhea in the mouth/throat: Often asymptomatic, sometimes sore throat, reddened mucous membranes, or swollen lymph nodes
• Gonorrhea in the rectum: Itching, pain, purulent discharge, or bloody stools
• Gonorrhea in the eyes: Severe redness, purulent discharge, swollen eyelids – can lead to blindness if left untreated

As they don't show clear, defined symptoms, they are rarely detected and are unintentionally passed on. Regular STI testing is therefore particularly important!

Possible complications & long-term effects of gonorrhea

Left untreated, gonorrhea can have serious health consequences. Since the bacteria can spread throughout the body, the infection often affects the reproductive organs, as well as other organs and joints.

• Infertility – due to inflammation of the fallopian tubes or epididymis
• Chronic abdominal pain in women due to persistent inflammation
• Increased risk of other STIs, including HIV, as the inflamed mucous membranes are more susceptible to infection
• Joint inflammation or heart valve inflammation if the bacteria spread through the bloodstream
• Sepsis (blood poisoning) – rare, but life-threatening if the infection enters the bloodstream

What are the long-term effects of gonorrhea?

The most serious consequences are infertility, chronic inflammation, and an increased risk of further infections. An ascending infection is particularly dangerous, as it can cause long-term damage to the reproductive organs.

It is therefore crucial to get tested and treated early to avoid long-term health problems.

Prevention & protection: Why condoms are so important

The best protection against gonorrhea? Condoms! They act as a physical barrier, preventing direct contact with the mucous membranes and significantly reduce the risk of infection. Since gonorrhea can settle not only in the genital area, but also in the throat, rectum, and even the eyes, comprehensive protection is particularly important.

The best way to protect yourself:

• Use condoms during vaginal and anal sex – this significantly reduces the risk of infection.
• Don't forget protection during oral sex: gonococci can also be transmitted during oral sex – so use condoms or dental dams.
• Use sex toys safely: either cover them with fresh condoms or clean them thoroughly before and after use.

Important: regular STI testing is essential, as many gonorrhea infections are asymptomatic and can therefore be passed on unnoticed. Especially if you have multiple sexual partners, you should get tested regularly.

Common mistakes when using condoms

A condom only provides reliable protection if it is used correctly, many people unknowingly make mistakes that increase the risk of infection. On our blog you will find helpful tips and solutions for common problems with condom use so you can protect yourself as best as possible.

• "Double condoms provide better protection." – Wrong! Two condoms on top of each other increase friction and can tear.
• "Oral sex is safe." – Wrong! Gonorrhea can also occur in the throat and be passed on unnoticed.
• "Oil-based lubricants are safe." – Wrong! Oils such as Vaseline or massage oil attack latex and make it brittle. That’s why it’s better to use water-based lubricants. 

More tips on the correct use of condoms can be found on our blog. Wingman condoms with an innovative clip are also particularly easy and safe to put on – even with just one hand. This helps you avoid incorrect use and enjoy the best protection! You’ll find all products here: Wingman condoms.

Gonorrhea testing & treatment: What to do if you suspect you have it?

Gonorrhea can be easily tested and treated, but the number of antibiotic-resistant strains is increasing worldwide, making treatment more complicated. Early diagnosis is crucial to avoid long-term consequences and curb further spread.

How is gonorrhea tested?

• Urine sample or swab – depending on the site of infection, a sample is taken from the urethra, vagina, or throat.
• Testing options – examination by a doctor, health department, or as a self-test at home.

Important: Anyone who has multiple sexual partners or notices symptoms should get tested for gonorrhea regularly – especially since many infections are asymptomatic.

Is gonorrhea curable?

Yes, gonorrhea is curable, provided it is detected and treated early. The infection is usually treated with antibiotics, but in recent years, antibiotic-resistant strains of gonococcus have spread, which can make treatment more difficult. In such cases, alternative or combined antibiotic therapies are needed. Rapid diagnosis and immediate treatment are crucial to prevent complications such as infertility or chronic inflammation and to curb the spread of the bacteria.

Treatment of gonorrhea

Consistent treatment is necessary to ensure that gonorrhea is completely cured and to prevent reinfection. Therapy usually includes the following measures:

• Antibiotic therapy – usually a combination of injections and tablets
• The partner must also be treated – otherwise there is a risk of reinfection (“ping-pong effect”)
• No sex during treatment to prevent further spread

How long does the treatment take?

In most cases, a single dose of antibiotics or a short course of several days is sufficient to successfully combat gonorrhea. However, there are increasingly resistant strains of gonococcus that no longer respond to conventional antibiotics. In such cases, longer therapy with alternative agents or a combination of several antibiotics may be necessary. Close medical supervision is then particularly important to ensure the infection heals completely and no complications arise.

Protect yourself from gonorrhea

Gonorrhea is a highly contagious sexually transmitted infection that often goes unnoticed. Without treatment, it can lead to serious health damage, but with safer sex, regular testing, and the right treatment, the risk can be minimized.

Here’s how to protect yourself:

• Use condoms – for every type of sex
• Get tested regularly, especially if you have multiple partners
• If you suspect infection, see a doctor immediately and have your partner treated as well

Practice safe sex and try the Wingman sample pack now – for maximum protection and comfort!