What is trichomaniasis?

Trichomoniasis – symptoms, transmission, protection & treatment

Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis. Unlike bacterial or viral STIs such as chlamydia or HIV, this is a parasitic infection that settles in the reproductive organs.

What makes it particularly dangerous that many people affected—especially men—do not notice any symptoms but can still pass on the infection. Without treatment, trichomoniasis can not only cause unpleasant symptoms, but it also increases the risk of other infections and can lead to complications during pregnancy.

The good news is that trichomoniasis can be treated easily and effectively with antibiotics, so rapid diagnosis and treatment are crucial. For more useful information on sexually transmitted infections and protective measures, see our overview at .

Trichomoniasis transmission routes: How do you get infected?

Trichomoniasis is transmitted through direct mucous membrane contact during sexual intercourse. The sexual organs are particularly affected, as the Trichomonas vaginalis parasite colonizes exclusively in the urogenital tract.

  • Unprotected vaginal intercourse – the most common route of transmission, as the parasite is found in the vaginal mucosa and urethra.
  • Use of infected sex toys – if these are not thoroughly cleaned or covered with a fresh condom.
  • No risk from oral or anal intercourse – as trichomonads can only survive in the urogenital tract.

Important: Trichomoniasis does not only affect women. Men can also carry the virus in their urethra without noticing any symptoms and pass on the infection unnoticed.

How can trichomoniasis be transmitted?

The infection is transmitted almost exclusively through vaginal sex, as the parasite can only colonize the mucous membranes of the urinary and reproductive organs.

  • Transmission through direct genital contact – also possible without full sexual intercourse.
  • Transmission through shared sex toys – if these are not properly disinfected.
  • No risk from toilet seats, towels, or shared bathing – trichomonads can only survive outside the body for a very short time.

Trichomoniasis symptoms & possible consequences

Many infections are asymptomatic, especially in men. However, when symptoms do occur, they can be unpleasant and increase the risk of further infections, such as chlamydia or HIV.

Trichomoniasis symptoms in women

Women are more likely to experience symptoms, which usually become apparent within a few weeks of infection.

  • Foul-smelling discharge – often foamy, yellowish-green, and with an unpleasant fishy odour
  • Burning or itching in the vagina
  • Pain or burning when urinating
  • Discomfort or pain during sexual intercourse
  • Redness and swelling of the vaginal mucosa

Trichomoniasis in men: Why is it often asymptomatic?

Men often have very mild or no symptoms, which is why they often pass on the infection without noticing.

  • Light, clear or whitish discharge from the urethra
  • Itching or burning when urinating
  • Occasional irritation or redness of the glans

Important: Since many men have no symptoms, regular testing is particularly advisable – especially if you have multiple sexual partners.

Special risk for pregnant women

Untreated trichomoniasis can lead to serious complications during pregnancy. Pregnant women who notice symptoms or are at risk of infection should consult a doctor immediately if they experience symptoms such as:

  • Increased risk of premature birth
  • Low birth weight of the baby
  • Possible infection of the newborn during birth

Prevention & protection: How can you avoid infection?

Since trichomoniasis is transmitted exclusively through direct mucous membrane contact during vaginal intercourse, safe sex is the most important protective measure. Although condoms do not offer 100% protection, they significantly reduce the risk of infection and are the best way to protect yourself.

  • Use condoms during vaginal intercourse – they prevent direct contact with infectious bodily fluids and significantly reduce the risk.
  • Cover sex toys with fresh condoms or clean them thoroughly – parasites can be transmitted through shared toys.
  • Get regular STI tests, especially if you have multiple partners – since trichomoniasis often has no symptoms, only a test can provide certainty.

Important: Since many men do not develop symptoms, they often pass on the infection without noticing. Therefore, both partners should be tested and treated to avoid reinfection (ping-pong effect).

Common mistakes in trichomoniasis prevention

Many people underestimate the infection or believe in common misconceptions that can increase their risk.

  • "Only women can be infected with trichomoniasis." – Wrong! Men are often asymptomatic carriers and can pass on the infection.
  • "Oral sex or anal sex are also risky." – Wrong! Trichomoniasis only affects the urogenital tract, not the mouth or intestines.
  • "If my partner has no symptoms, they can't infect me." – Wrong! The infection can go unnoticed for years and still be passed on.

Condom use errors that increase the risk

A condom only provides reliable protection if it is used correctly. However, many people unknowingly make mistakes that significantly reduce protection:

  • Choosing the wrong size – a condom that is too tight can tear, while one that is too loose can slip off. It is therefore important to know the right condom size to ensure optimal protection and comfort.
  • Using oil-based lubricants – they attack the material and make condoms brittle. That's why it's best to choose a water-based lubricant.
  • Putting the condom on backwards and then turning it around – there may already be infectious fluid on the outside.

You can find more tips on how to use condoms correctly on our blog, both for conventional condoms and for our innovative Wingman condoms.

Trichomoniasis test & treatment: What to do if you suspect you have it?

The good news: Trichomoniasis is easily detectable and treatable! Early diagnosis is important, as many infections go unnoticed but can still be passed on. A simple test can quickly provide clarity.

How is trichomoniasis tested?

Since the symptoms of trichomoniasis are nonspecific or may not appear at all, a specific test is the only way to reliably detect an infection.

  • Swab or urine sample – A sample is examined under a microscope to detect the pathogen directly - the most common test.
  • Trichomoniasis rapid tests or PCR test – Modern laboratory tests are more accurate than microscopic examinations and can detect even small amounts of the parasite.
  • Home self-test – Available in pharmacies, but a positive result should always be confirmed by a doctor.

Anyone who notices symptoms or has had unprotected vaginal intercourse should get tested – early diagnosis prevents complications and protects against transmission of the infection.

How is trichomoniasis treated?

Trichomonads can be eliminated quickly and easily with antibiotic therapy. Early treatment is particularly important to avoid complications and reinfection by your partner.

  • Single dose of antibiotics (metronidazole or tinidazole) – A single dose is usually sufficient to completely eliminate the infection.
  • Your partner must also be treated, even if he or she has no symptoms – otherwise there is a risk of reinfection (ping-pong effect).
  • No sex during treatment so as not to jeopardize healing and to avoid reinfection.

How long does trichomoniasis last?

Without treatment, trichomoniasis can persist for months because the parasite settles in the urogenital tract. However, with a single dose of antibiotics, trichomoniasis is usually eliminated within a few days.

Protect yourself from trichomoniasis

Trichomoniasis is a widespread but often unnoticed STI that is mainly transmitted through vaginal intercourse. Men often have no symptoms, which makes the infection more difficult to detect.

  • Use condoms – they offer the best protection!
  • Get tested regularly, especially if you have multiple partners.
  • If you have symptoms, seek treatment immediately to prevent further spread.

Since trichomoniasis is easily treatable, don't hesitate to get tested if you suspect you may have it – this will protect you and your partners.

Practice safe sex and try the Wingman sample pack now – for maximum protection and comfort!